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AMFTRB National MFT Exam Questions and Answers Latest
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Psuedomutality (Ans- describes a systemic pretense of harmony and closeness that hides conflict and interferes with intimacy (Lyman Wynne, 1940s) Psuedohostility (Ans- Arguing and bickering that hides "pathological alignments" in families A volatile and intense way of disguising and distorting both affection and splits Prevents open communication and quality relationships (Lyman Wynne, 1940s) Rubber-Fence Boundary (Ans- Families are seemingly yielding, but are in fact nearly impermeable to information from the outside; boundaries bind them together in their resistance to separation" Appear open and flexible but are closed. (Lyman Wynne, 1940s) John Bowlby (Ans- Attachment theory. Identified the characteristics of a child's attachment to his/her caregiver and the phases that a child experiences when separated from the caregiver. Different attachment styles (Bowlby, 1949) (Ans-
- Secure Attachment
- Insecure Attachment (Anxious-Avoidant)
- Insecure Attachment (Ambivalent-Resistant)
- Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment Theodore Lidz (Ans- Professor out of Yale, researched schizophrenia and the marital couple's influence on the development of schizophrenia in a child (1950s)
- Marital Schism: Parents overly focused on their own problems which harms the marriage, individuals, and the children.
- Marital Skew: One parent dominates the family and the other is dependent. "Family process" (peer-reviewed journal) (Ans- Founded by Don Jackson and Nathan Ackerman, edited by Jay Haley (1962) Mental Research Institute (MRI) (Ans- MRI; Mental Research Institute A center for the study of families in Palo, Alto, CA whose researchers and practioners- Bateson, Jackson, Satir, Weakland, Fry, and Haley studied schizophrenia and family interactions, communication, and cybernetic theory. They emphasized process and interactional sequences rather than structure, and distinguished between first-order and second-order change. They developed a version of Brief Family Therapy based on the notion that the "problem" or tx focus, stems from the failed solution previously attempted by the family. Norbert Wiener (Ans- Coined the term and theory "cybernetics" General Systems Theory (Ans- living systems are like cybernetic systems that are equipped w/ complex feed systems capable of maintaining a desired state of affairs (i.e. homeostasis) → leads to Bowlby's system of behavior control Double bind theory (Ans- distinct pattern of communication in which one individual receives contradictory commands from which there is no escape (lose, lose situation)
Strategic Family Therapy (Ans- Jay Haley Emphasizes change techniques over theory. Influenced by Milton Erickson Therapist is very directive, especially useful with change- resistant families Techniques: Take charge role, directives, paradoxical directives, ordeals, out-positioning, reframing Milan Systemic Family Therapy (Ans- A theory and therapeutic model influenced by Bateson and the MRI Group, originally developed in Italy by Selvini Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata. The primary techniques associated with the early Milan group were rituals and positive connotations. The Milan Group split in the early 1980s with Selvini Palazzoli and Prata forming one group, adhering to the strategic model and developing a ritualistic technique, invariant prescription, to counteract the dirty game, or power struggle between the parents and their child. Boscolo and Cecchin moved away from the strategic approach, developing a collaborative style of therapy. In this model, problems are maintained when the family holds to an old epistemology that does not fit its current circumstance. The therapist introduces new information indirectly by asking questions and the family solves problems themselves as they develop a new epistemology. The therapist/client interactions within the session are the treatment. In their interviews they displayed a curious attitude about the family and the meanings they derived from their experiences and interchanges. General Systems Theory definition (Ans- GST proposed that all living systems share universal characteristics. Fundamental principle is idea that the whole of the system is more than the sum of its parts. To understand the system as a whole, must understand the dynamic, circular functioning between the parts. Cybernetics (Ans- the study of information processing, feedback, and control in communication systems
Boundaries (Ans- theoretical lines of demarcation in a family that define a system as an entity and separate the subsystems from one another and the system from its environment. Boundary Interface (Ans- The regions between each subsystem of the family and between the family and the supra-system. In family systems therapy this interface is referred to as the familial boundary. Familial Boundary (Ans- the term used to represent the concept of Boundary Interface within literature of FT Open systems (Ans- interact regularly with the environment with relatively no inhibition Jay Haley (Ans- Strategic Family Therapy founding editor of 1st journal in family therapy schism (Theodore Lidz) (Ans- family division into competing groups Adlerian Family Therapy (Ans- An approach that is based on the premise that parents and children often become locked in repetitive, negative interactions based on mistaken goals that motivate all parties involved. "stuck family" (Adlerian) (Ans- parents assume roles based on their expectations of the children strength of Bowen Family Therapy (Ans- attention upon past family interaction as a means by which to avoid future problems
a triangle is the smallest stable relationship system. Nuclear Family Emotional System (Bowen) (Ans- 4 basic relationship patterns that can lead to problems within the family system Present in multiple family structures (not just the nuclear family) Family tension arises when external or internal stressors occur: tension appears in the form of anxiety within one of the patterns below:
- Marital conflict
- Dysfunction in one spouse
- Impairment of one or more children
- Emotional distance (fusion - little overt conflict) Undifferentiated family ego mass (Bowen) (Ans- Emotional stuck- togetherness or fusion of the family - prominent in schizophrenic families. Family Projection Process (Bowen) (Ans- The primary way parents transmit their emotional problems to a child. The projection process can impair the functioning of one or more children and increase their vulnerability to clinical symptoms. The projection process follows three steps: (1) the parent focuses on a child out of fear that something is wrong with the child;(2) the parent interprets the child's behavior as confirming the fear; and(3) the parent treats the child as if something is really wrong with child. Multigenerational Transmission Process (Ans- The process by which the family's level of differentiation and the parents' unresolved emotional attachments are reenacted in future relationships and passed along to succeeding generations. The concept of the multi-generational transmission process describes how small differences in the levels of differentiation between parents and their
offspring lead over many generations to marked differences in differentiation among the members of a multigenerational family. The information creating these differences is transmitted across generations through relationships. The transmission occurs on several interconnected levels ranging from the conscious teaching and learning of information to the automatic and unconscious programming of emotional reactions and behaviors. Relationally and genetically transmitted information interact to shape an individual's "self." emotional cutoff (Bowen) (Ans- The concept of emotional cutoff describes people managing their unresolved emotional issues with parents, siblings, and other family members by reducing or totally cutting off emotional contact with them. Societal emotional Process (Bowen) (Ans- The influence of society in which the family exists (sexism, classism, racism, etc.). Process of how the emotional system governs behavior on a societal level, promoting both progressive and regressive periods in a society. Assessment & Diagnosis of Bowen's Family Systems (Ans- Genogram to assess generational history Dx: non pathologizing, systemic focus on the presenting problem Who, Duration, and Goals of Bowen's Family Systems (Ans- Who: individual family members, partner dyad, entire family, or any combo Tx duration: long-term, several years Goals: working through underlying processes/conflicts (1) decrease anxiety (2) increase levels of differentiation in family members Detriangulate (Bowen Intervention technique) (Ans- A family system can be detriangulated when the therapist insists that one family member take a position on an issue and maintain that position despite opposition from other family members that might occur (Hoffman
to exemplify the he is responsible for getting the process started, but the actual work must be done by the client. relationship experiments (Bowen Intervention technique) (Ans- Technique designed to clarify emotional processes involved in altering key triangles. The technique is used in order to help family members become aware of systems processes and recognize their own roles in them - it was first developed for use with emotional pursuers and distancers. Person-to-person relationships (Bowen Intervention technique) (Ans- Differentiated individuals talk rationally to each other without blaming the other Teach clients to talk person to person and not talk about the 3rd person together Therapy Structure of Bowen Family Systems/Multigenerational Family Therapy (Ans- 1) The Assessment Phase: togetherness/individuation of family of origin, presence of triangles, levels of differentiation
- The Genogram Phase: co-construct a family diagram with client
- The Differentiation Phase: reducing anxiety and increasing levels of differentiation projected resentment (gestalt) means... (Ans- guilt negative feedback (systems theory) (Ans- feedback from within the system that results in the maintenance of homeostasis positive feedback (systems theory) (Ans- feedback from within the system that results in the restoration of the system's homeostasis Kohut (Ans- is a leading figure in the self-psychology field and is best known for his work on narcissism. Kohut proposed that narcissism develops when normal development of the self is interrupted by the consistently unempathic responses of the mother (self-object).
Consequently, he believed that empathy is a major therapeutic tool for narcissistic clients. According to Margaret Mahler, "individuation" involves: (Ans- recognizing the individual existence of self and others. According to Mahler (1975), a child undergoing the process of moving from being a member of a mother-child unit to becoming a family member goes through "separation" and "individuation." Separation refers to the child's disengagement and differentiation from the mother, while individuation involves the development of an inner representation of the mother, a time sense, a capacity for testing reality, and an awareness of the existence of others discrete from his/her own existence. Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model) (Ans- 1) pre-contemplation, 2) contemplation, 3) preparation, 4) action, 5) maintenance situational crisis (Ans- change that results when a person faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in one's life maturational crisis (Ans- A normal state in growth and development in which a specific maturational task must be learned but old coping mechanisms are no longer adequate or acceptable. Golan's Crisis Theory (Ans- 1) hazardous event
- a vulnerable state
- a precipitating factor
- a state of active crisis/disequilibrium Jay Haley (Ans- Strategic family therapy --Rather than focusing on the individual as the sole source of dysfunction, Haley examined the role the entire family UNIT played in the well-being of each of its members as well as the family system itself.
Paradoxical intervention (Ans- A therapeutic technique that appears to contradict the therapeutic needs. It decreases the client's resistance to change. Satir's 5 communication styles (Ans- 1) Blamer
- Placater
- Distractor
- Leveler
- Computer Blamer (Satir) (Ans- From Satir's experiential family therapy, one of five communication styles. The blamer judges and complains, often for the purpose of bullying others into accepting his/her preferences. Mindreading (Ans- the cognitive process by which we attribute desires and beliefs to other individuals in order to explain and predict their behavior Placater (Satir) (Ans- From Satir's experiential family therapy, one of five communication styles. The placater attempts to pacify and smooth over conflict by being "nice," defending and covering up for others. Distracter (Satir) (Ans- From Satir's experiential family therapy, one of five communication styles. Distractor has unpredictable behavior, is confusing, never acts in line with the conversation. Leveler (Satir) (Ans- From Satir's experiential family therapy, one of five communication styles.
Solve the problem in mutual understanding using assertiveness through body language, tone, and pitch. Computers (Satir) (Ans- From Satir's experiential family therapy, one of five communication styles. Computers separate themselves from their feelings, develop a fear of expressing their feelings, less spoken, calculated, and logical. Use words such as analyze, calculate, think logical, that it's not feasible. A child is using the same toy in play therapy. What might this suggest? (Ans- The play therapy is working. A Multigenerational Family Therapist working with a couple and domestic violence (Ans- assess for DV and reduce emotional reactivity Jay Haley's Strategic Techniques/Terms (Ans- - circular model
- vicious cycles
- break family's behavior patterns
- direct and paradoxical interventions Strategic Family Therapy (definition) (Ans- Jay Haley Emphasizes change techniques over theory. Influenced by Milton Erickson Therapist is very directive, especially useful with change- resistant families Techniques: Take charge role, directives, paradoxical directives, ordeals, out-positioning, reframing Narrative Therapy (Ans- A postmodern approach to therapy that is based on the therapist's personal characteristics that allow for creating a climate that encourages clients to see their stories from different perspectives. Grounded in a philosophical framework, narrative practices assist clients in finding new meanings and new possibilities in their lives.
What is the best psychological testing for an intellectual disability? (Ans- Vineland-II: Measures daily living skills, communication, socialization,, etc. Delirium (Ans- mental disorder marked by confusion, disturbance in attention and awareness, plus disturbance in cognition. Projected Resentment (Frederick Perls) (Ans- Guilt (Kaplan) A sexual disorder that is NOT considered a disturbance in the genital-vascongestive phase is... (Ans- premature ejaculation Kaplan's Sexual Response Cycle (Ans- described sexual response as consisting of desire, excitement, and orgasm negative feedback (Ans- maintains homeostasis positive feedback (Ans- deviates a family away from a steady state. According to Glasser, the founder of reality therapy, most mental disorders are the result of irresponsibility, which leads to the development of: (Ans-"failure identity" Glasser's Reality Theory (Ans- treatment that emphasizes personal responsibility for actions and their consequences Reality Therapy (Ans- William Glasser IFS includes what theories? (Ans- 1) Structural
- Strategic
- Narrative
- Bowenian Contextual Family Therapy (Ans- A theory and therapeutic model developed by Boszormenyi-Nagy based on the ethical dimension of family
relationships. The family maintains invisible, intergenerational loyalties, which members hold in their personal ledgers. Problems in relationships are thought to result either from an attempt to maintain or change the balance sheet of what members owe to one another. When do problems occur in Contextual Family Therapy? (Nagy) (Ans- Problems occur when there is a lack of caring/trust. Fusion (Bowen) (Ans- The blurring of psychological boundaries between self and others Enmeshment (Minuchin) (Ans- the over involvement of all family members in the affairs of any one member Extended Family Therapist (Bowen) working with a couple with depression would most likely do what? (Ans- Teach a couple about triangles Create a theme-related genogram Explore depression in their families of origin Solution-Focused Therapy (goals) (Ans- aimed at brining client's successful behaviors into their awareness, and helps them repeat successful things they do when the problem is not there or less severe. This focuses on the client's own abilities and solutions, and helps client move toward their preferred future. How would a CBT therapist know a family is making progress? (Ans- A good indication of progress is when the family is more independent and self-reliant in their decision-making. What would a therapist's BEST response be to a client with a history of social losses who wants to meet outside the office after termination? (Ans- The therapist would help the client understand and work through issues that emerge during the termination phase of therapy.
Sculpting technique (Ans- helps family recognize one person's view of the family relationships. Assimilation (Ans- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another. One has given up their own culture and identifies with the dominant culture. Biculturalism (Ans- partial identification with two cultures Asian culture role of the father (Ans- Authority figure Why does a child run away? (Ans- Often due to a serious conflict within the home, neglect, or abuse of some type. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (Ans- An impulse-control disorder involving an inability to hold back urges to express strong angry feelings and associated violent behaviors. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) (Ans- a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior Assimilation (Ans- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another Conduct Disorder (CD) (Ans- - repetitive, persistent pattern of aggressive, antisocial behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others
- under 18 years old (3 subtypes)
- limited prosocial emotions Bipolar I vs Bipolar II (Ans- Bipolar I: Person experiences one manic/mixed episode Bipolar II: Person experiences less extreme manic phases
somatic symptom disorder (Ans- psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause acute stress disorder (Ans- An anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month adjustment disorder (Ans- a disorder in which a person's response to a common stressor is maladaptive and occurs within 3 months of the stressor Schizophrenia (Ans- a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression Reality Therapy Techniques (Ans- - verbally active
- intellectual
- confrontive
- reflects medical model/concept of mental illness
- focuses on current beliefs and behaviors
- transference is detrimental
- stresses conscious rather than unconscious Transactional Analysis (Ans- Eric Berne believes that people operate in three ego states and that awareness is an important first step in changing our ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Three basic needs are 1) stimulus, 2) recognition, and 3) structure. complementary relationship (Ans- A relationship in which one partner willingly and continuously cedes power to the other. symmetrical relationship (Ans- a relationship between parties of equal power IFS Parts - "Firefighter" (Ans- - distract the mind when exiles break free from suppression.
