ALLERGIES
I.Learning outcomes: You are expected to:
a. Identify the types of allergies;
b. Acquire basic knowledge in handling allergy; and
c. Value the importance of treating allergies to save lives.
II. Discussion
Allergies are a hypersensitivity of the immune system to a substance that is usually harmless.
These take place due to an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are usually
not harmful. The substances that cause allergies are "allergens". These can take place due to
anything from pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold to certain foods and medicines. Allergy
symptoms range from mild – rash or hives, itchiness, runny nose, watery/red eyes – to life-
threatening. Includes Diseases: Food allergy symptoms: Shortness of breath; Itch
The most common allergies are hay fever, asthma, and food allergies. There are two types of
allergic reaction: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated.
IgE-mediated allergies take place due to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which are
produced by B cells. These antibodies react with the surface of mast cells, basophils, and other
immune cells to cause a release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Non-IgE mediated allergies take place due to chemicals that trigger an allergic response in the
body without any involvement of IgE.
The most common type of allergy is allergic rhinitis or hay fever, which occurs when pollen in
the air triggers an IgE-mediated response. Allergic reactions get triggered by food, chemicals,
animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, mold spores and latex.
TYPES OF ALLERGIES
1.Drug Allergy:
Drug allergies are a type of allergic reaction that occurs when the body's immune system reacts
to a drug. It usually begins with sneezing, itching, and swelling of the eyes and face. The
symptoms can also include hives, rashes, or difficulty breathing. Some drugs can cause an
allergic reaction in people who do not have any previous allergies. This type of drug allergy is
called an IgE-mediated drug allergy because it is caused by an antibody called immunoglobulin
E (IgE).
The most common drug allergies include the reactions to penicillin and sulfa drugs. The most
important thing to remember about drug allergies is that they can be life-threatening
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