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AAMI Principles of Embalming III PHT
anasarca - correct answer ✔✔severe generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue. ascites - correct answer ✔✔accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity concurrent - correct answer ✔✔drainage technique in which drainage occurs continuously during arterial injection dehydration - correct answer ✔✔loss of moisture from body tissue, which may occur antemortem or postmortem desiccation - correct answer ✔✔extreme dehydration edema - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues and/or body cavities edematous - correct answer ✔✔affected with edema humectant - correct answer ✔✔chemical that increases the capability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture. hydrocele - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluids in the scrotal sac hydrocephalus - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. hydrothorax - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity.
hydrothorax - correct answer ✔✔a type of pleural effusion in which serous fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity hypertonic - correct answer ✔✔arterial solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the body tissues. hypotonic - correct answer ✔✔arterial solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the body tissues intermittent - correct answer ✔✔method of [restricted] drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues osmosis - correct answer ✔✔passage of solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane pitting edema - correct answer ✔✔condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation pleural effusion - correct answer ✔✔abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural (lung) cavity pulmonary edema - correct answer ✔✔a potentially life-threatening accumulation of fluid in the lungs solid edema - correct answer ✔✔moisture retained by the cell cellular edema - correct answer ✔✔another term for solid edema intercellular edema - correct answer ✔✔another term for pitting edema dropsy - correct answer ✔✔another term for anasarca pyothorax - correct answer ✔✔pleural effusion where the fluid is pus
Eyecaps should never be used on infants. - correct answer ✔✔F The viscera of the autopsied infant should be treated with undiluted cavity fluid. - correct answer ✔✔T Infant skin can easily distend and wrinkle upon injection of arterial solution. - correct answer ✔✔T Preservative demand is defined as the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 milliliters of water. - correct answer ✔✔F The discolorations known as senile purpura can be removed by arterial injection/venous drainage. - correct answer ✔✔F Infants should always be embalmed with dilute, low-index solutions. - correct answer ✔✔F At 1 year of age, body water is about the same as the adult level of 60% of total body weight. - correct answer ✔✔T At 1 year of age, body water is about the same as the adult level of 50% of total body weight. - correct answer ✔✔F A coinjection fluid is used to enhance the action of the preservative solution - correct answer ✔✔T At 1 year of age, body water is about the same as the adult level of 70% of total body weight. - correct answer ✔✔F The vessels on the 4-to-12-year-old child should be larger than an infant s but smaller than an adult s. - correct answer ✔✔T In the autopsied body, the legs are injected first to observe tissue reaction to the chemical used. - correct answer ✔✔T
Senile purpura is brought about by the fragility of the capillaries. - correct answer ✔✔T Organ transplantation would NOT include: - correct answer ✔✔Bone Regarding organ/tissue donation and transplantation: If the procurement technician is not careful when removing the proximal humerus and scapula, what vessels would most likely be severed, causing obvious problems for the embalmer? - correct answer ✔✔axillary and brachial arteries Ideally, while you are injecting the autopsied body, you should let the drainage sit in the cavity for as long as possible, to allow any formaldehyde to preserve the trunk. - correct answer ✔✔F Probably the most dramatic of all tissue recovery cases, and the most time-consuming for the embalmer:
- correct answer ✔✔Long Bone Donor To embalm the legs of a heart/lung donor: - correct answer ✔✔use the femoral arteries Which of the following are factors determined in the embalming analysis? - correct answer ✔✔all but one of the above Artificial device used to replace a limb, appendage, or other body part: - correct answer ✔✔prothesis You should use the same volume and strength of arterial solution on each part of the autopsied body you are injecting. - correct answer ✔✔F Tissue transplantation would NOT include: - correct answer ✔✔Corneas Which of the following would not apply to the autopsied body? - correct answer ✔✔using the trocar for aspiration and cavity fluid injection Considered the most secure and the most commonly used, this airtight suture is often used for closing the long incisions on the autopsied body. - correct answer ✔✔Baseball suture
When suturing the scalp, you should begin sutures on the right side of the head and end them on the left side. - correct answer ✔✔T Regarding skin donors: Think about the areas from which skin is most often removed. The recovery of skin from the dead human body presents three major problems for the embalmer. Which of the following is not one of those problems? - correct answer ✔✔swelling of tissues accompanied by mild jaundice In the image below, the muscle highlighted in aqua is [a], and the two vessels medial to it (in the order they appear), are [b] and [c] - correct answer ✔✔In the image below, the muscle highlighted in aqua is the Sartorius muscle, and the two vessels medial to it (in the order they appear), are femoral artery and femoral vein The secondary dilution, consisting of arterial solution and edematous fluids in a body, will weaken the strength of a solution. - correct answer ✔✔T The ___ and ___ are very deeply seated large vessels that can be found on the anterior surface of the ___. - correct answer ✔✔abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta, spinal column Terminates at the medial border of the first rib - correct answer ✔✔Auxiliary Artery The OPTIMUM temperature for decomposition to occur is 120 degrees F. - correct answer ✔✔MAXIMUM Removal of infectious agents by scrubbing and washing, as with hot water, soap, or a suitable detergent:
- correct answer ✔✔cleaning pH of embalming fluid is determined by: - correct answer ✔✔the fluid manufacturer The injection of arterial solution at more than one location is called: - correct answer ✔✔multiple injection
If your arterial solution is too DILUTE, it can cause moisture in the interstitial tissues to move into the capillaries, bringing about dehydration. - correct answer ✔✔F: CONCENTRATED Collapses when cut - correct answer ✔✔vein Embalming fluids achieve preservation and disinfection by: - correct answer ✔✔bonding proteins together at their peptide linkages The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution is: - correct answer ✔✔osmosis When using the gravity percolator to obtain pressure for embalming, the operator can obtain ONE pound of pressure for each foot of elevation above the body. - correct answer ✔✔F: one-half The femoral artery lies lateral and superficial to the femoral vein. - correct answer ✔✔T Massaging an area of the body is an excellent way to prevent swelling during arterial injection. - correct answer ✔✔T? Continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals is called: - correct answer ✔✔intermittent Temperatures consistently below 32ºF: - correct answer ✔✔retards decomposition Obesity: - correct answer ✔✔accelerates decomposition The subclavian artery continues as the brachiocephalic artery. - correct answer ✔✔true the right subclavian artery extends from the brachiocephalic artery Color is creamy white - correct answer ✔✔artery
If an employee initially refuses the hepatitis vaccination and then changes their mind: - correct answer ✔✔They get the vaccination for free provided by the employer Enzymes which cause decomposition will either be autolytic or bacterial enzymes. - correct answer ✔✔T Knowing the cause of death can be useful to the embalmer when trying to determine proper embalming technique - correct answer ✔✔T Bleaching of the tissues, drying of the tissues, the distension of small surface vessels, loss of skin elasticity, and the presence of dyes in the tissues, are some of the signs of arterial distribution and diffusion. - correct answer ✔✔T The femoral vein lies medial and superficial to the femoral artery. - correct answer ✔✔Medial and deep The embalmer herself/himself is an INTRINSIC factor to be considered in case analysis, because the success of the entire embalming procedure is her/his responsibility. - correct answer ✔✔F: EXTRINSIC An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects or surfaces for the purpose of destroying disease-causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores: - correct answer ✔✔germicide Movement of embalming solution throughout the interstitial spaces is accomplished by PRESSURE FILTRATION. - correct answer ✔✔F: (not osmosis or dialysis) An agent, usually chemical, that possesses disinfecting properties when applied to a precleaned object or surface: - correct answer ✔✔sanitizer The terms "transverse", "diagonal", "wedge", and "T" refer to types of incisions made to LOCATE the common carotid artery. - correct answer ✔✔F: OPEN The subclavian artery is a continuation of the axillary artery. - correct answer ✔✔Discontinues at the axillary artry
Warm water (vs. cold): - correct answer ✔✔accelerates decomposition To properly adjust the pressure in a centrifugal pump embalming machine, the rate-of-flow should be completely closed. - correct answer ✔✔T Complete muscular relaxation is a sign of death. - correct answer ✔✔T Dialysis is the diffusion of dissolved crystalloid solutes of a solution through a semipermeable membrane. - correct answer ✔✔T Thick walls, with edges easily felt - correct answer ✔✔ARTERY Originates from the brachiocephalic artery: - correct answer ✔✔right common carotid artery The use of extremely hypotonic embalming solutions can waterlog tissues. - correct answer ✔✔T Enzymes accelerate the rate of decomposition. - correct answer ✔✔T Which of the following is not a branch of the aortic arch? - correct answer ✔✔right subclavian artery You have just finished aspirating the body and injecting cavity fluid. Which of the following will you do next? - correct answer ✔✔close the opening with a purse-string suture Casper's Law: - correct answer ✔✔Selected Answers:
- States the ratio of body decomposition in air, water, and earth, respectively, is 1:2:
- provides a basic guide for the effect of environment on decomposition.
- says a body left in the open air decomposes twice as fast as if it were immersed in water and eight times faster than if it were buried underground.
If my arterial solution is HYPOTONIC, it will draw fluid out of the tissues, into the veins, and leave the body as part of the drainage. - correct answer ✔✔F: Needs to be Hypertonic The ULNAR artery lies medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle and lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpiradialis muscle. - correct answer ✔✔F: RADIAL Rate of flow is measured in ounces per minute - correct answer ✔✔T Osmosis is the movement of SOLUTE. - correct answer ✔✔F: solvent Osmosis is the movement of solvent from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane. - correct answer ✔✔T DIFFUSION is the movement of embalming solution from the point of injection, throughout the arterial system, and into the capillaries. - correct answer ✔✔F: DISTRIBUTION If a body has normal moisture content, it may become slightly dehydrated after embalming because of the formaldehyde in the solution, so you want to use a slightly HYPERTONIC solution to add water back into the tissues. - correct answer ✔✔F: Hypotonic to keep water in tissues The four trocar guides access the heart, LIVER, urinary bladder, and cecum - correct answer ✔✔F: Stomach The ulnar artery is the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery. - correct answer ✔✔T The final postmortem change is rigor mortis. - correct answer ✔✔F: chemical decomposition. Injection from the right common carotid artery and drainage taken from the left internal jugular vein is an example of split injection. - correct answer ✔✔T STEL for formaldehyde is 2 ppm over an 8 hour period. - correct answer ✔✔F: 15 minute period
The center of drainage in the dead human body is the ascending aorta. - correct answer ✔✔F: RIGHT ATRIUM Regarding postmortem changes: The embalming significance of rigor mortis is that it creates an extravascular resistance. - correct answer ✔✔T Father of Modern Embalming in the United States - correct answer ✔✔Thomas Holmes Founder of Microscopic anatomy: - correct answer ✔✔Marcello Malpighi Considered to be the inventor of the microscope: - correct answer ✔✔Antony van Leeuwenhoek Discovered the circulation of blood: - correct answer ✔✔William Harvey Author of what would become the first book devoted entirely to embalming procedures published in the United States in English: - correct answer ✔✔Jean Gannal Embalmed President Lincoln: - correct answer ✔✔Henry Cattell First to discover capillaries: - correct answer ✔✔Marcello Malpighi Used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels: - correct answer ✔✔aneurysm needle A safety device required by OSHA that is able to release copious amounts of water in a short time - correct answer ✔✔drench shower Tubular instrument of varying diameters and lengths, usually with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein: - correct answer ✔✔drain tube A device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone; usually used for mouth closure: - correct answer ✔✔needle injector
Question Primary reason for embalming Secondary reason for embalming Third most important reason for embalming What is usually the most important reason for embalming from a family's perspective? - correct answer ✔✔A. disinfection B. preservation E. Restoration C. restoration Match trocar guides to their correct descriptions. A guide may not be described completely, but in each case there is enough information to know the guide that is being described. Question Direct trocar to intersect a line drawn from the left anterior-superior iliac spine to the left earlobe Direct trocar towards intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line Direct trocar toward the median line of the pubic symphysis until the point touches the bone, then retract and depress the trocar slightly and insert. Direct trocar toward a point 1/4 the distance from the right anterior-superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis; keeping the point of the trocar up near the abdominal wall until within 4 inches of the right anterior-superior iliac spine, dip the point two inches and insert - correct answer ✔✔D. not a valid trocar guide B. trocar guide for the stomach C. trocar guide for the urinary bladder (?) trocar guide for the cecum
(also...direct trocar to point ¾ distance on a line from pubic symphysis to right anterior superior iliac spine. When point is approximately 2 inches from line, depress point 2 inches, then thrust forward to pierce cecum. (This is where process of turning waste material into semisolid waste (feces) begins, as water and certain necessary substances are absorbed back into bloodstream.) starts at the 3rd left intercostal space and terminates at the 2nd right costal cartilage - correct answer ✔✔Ascending aorta starts at the 2nd right costal cartilage and terminates at T4 (the 4th thoracic vertebrae) - correct answer ✔✔Aortic arch starts at T4 and terminates at T12 - correct answer ✔✔Thoracic aorta starts at L1 (1st lumbar vertebrae) and terminates at L4 (4th lumbar vertebrae) - correct answer ✔✔Abdominal aorta starts at the upper border of the 2nd right costal cartilage and terminates at the upper border of the right sternoclavicular articulation - correct answer ✔✔Innominate artery begins at the right sternoclavicular articulation and terminates at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage - correct answer ✔✔Right common carotid artery starts at the right sternoclavicular articulation and terminates at the lateral border of the first rib - correct answer ✔✔Right subclavian artery begins at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage and terminates at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage - correct answer ✔✔Left common carotid artery begins at the level of the left 2nd costal cartilage terminates at first rib - correct answer ✔✔Left subclavian artery begins at the lateral border of the first rib and terminates at the inferior border of the teres major muscle - correct answer ✔✔Axillary artery
The marbling of veins on the skin's surface would be an example of a pathological discoloration. - correct answer ✔✔Decomposition Formaldehyde gray is a pathological discoloration. - correct answer ✔✔Reactions to embalming chemicals To discolor something with foreign matter is to bleach it - correct answer ✔✔stain Bilirubin is red in color - correct answer ✔✔yellow Antemortem and postmortem intravascular blood discolorations often respond poorly to arterial injection and blood drainage - correct answer ✔✔well A greenish-black coloration along the veins produced by hemolysis of blood in the vessels (or hemoglobin mixed with hydrogen sulfide) is called contact pallor. - correct answer ✔✔marbling of veins Measles would be an example of a prion disease. - correct answer ✔✔Virus Surface discolorations should be thoroughly cleaned away after arterial embalming - correct answer ✔✔prior "Waterless" embalming means there is absolutely no water in the arterial solution. - correct answer ✔✔True After embalming, if it appears that an abrasion did not receive preservative during the arterial fluid, you should, - correct answer ✔✔apply a surface compress of cavity fluid or cautery chemical (phenol) Another term for skin slip is: - correct answer ✔✔desquamation Charred and destroyed tissues would be evidence of: - correct answer ✔✔3rd degree burns
Discolorations that occur outside of the vascular system after death: - correct answer ✔✔postmortem extravascular blood discolorations Excessive blood loss to the point of death - correct answer ✔✔exsanguination f the deceased s skin is characterized by a rupture or rash or scaling skin, we would say it is: - correct answer ✔✔exanthematous In Fountain's article on practical techniques for treating eyes, which of the following chemicals does he NOT recommend as part of a waterless arterial solution? - correct answer ✔✔Humectant Invasive treatments or procedures are also known as: - correct answer ✔✔operative aids It is important to remove ____ discolorations prior to embalming because they may conceal signs of fluid distribution or diffusion - correct answer ✔✔surface Non-functioning adrenal glands cause _____, which results in a discoloration that is sometimes mistaken for jaundice - correct answer ✔✔Addison s Disease The application of treatments or procedures utilizing machines or instruments: - correct answer ✔✔mechanical aids The postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood. - correct answer ✔✔livor mortis The term used to describe discoloring something with foreign matter is: - correct answer ✔✔stain This occurs when the level of bilirubin reaches above normal levels per 100 liters of blood serum. - correct answer ✔✔icterus Treatments or procedures applied by the use of hands - correct answer ✔✔manual aids
