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AND ANSWERS
What role do connexin proteins play in follicular events - correct answer ✅maintaining oocyte arrest When does recombination occur? - correct answer ✅during meiosis I Leydig cells produce testosterone via metabolism through: - correct answer ✅delta 4 steroidogenic pathway how do you calculate the total # of sperm per ejaculate? (total sperm count) - correct answer ✅sperm concentration x the volume of the whole ejaculate what can happen to sperm after centrifugation? - correct answer ✅motility can be lost & concentration underestimated According to WHO 6th, low sperm concentration is - correct answer ✅less than 2×10^6 /ml
AND ANSWERS
Low semen volume can be the result of : - correct answer ✅1. obstruction of the ejaculatory duct
- CBAVD (congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens)
- collection problems
- partial retrograde ejaculation or androgen deficiency if the PH is less than 7.0 in an ejaculate without sperm there may be: - correct answer ✅CBAVD, seminal vesicles may also be missing or poorly developed, causing a low volume & low pH what is an initiating event in the normal acrosome reaction? - correct answer ✅calcium influx what are some stimuli known to induce acrosome reaction? - correct answer ✅zona proteins and progesterone in cases of severe oligozoospermia, teratozoospermia or asthenozoospermia what sperm prep method is preferred? - correct answer ✅density gradient centrifugation
AND ANSWERS
how many centrioles are located in a mature sperm? - correct answer ✅ 2 What is considered extremely low birth weight? - correct answer ✅less than 1000g According to WHO 6th edition, what are the semen paramters? - correct answer ✅volume: greater than or equal to 1.4ml concentration: greater than or equal to 16 million motility: greater than or equal to 30% normal morphology: greater than or equal to 4% asthenozoospermia - correct answer ✅low motility azoospermia - correct answer ✅the absence of sperm in the ejaculate
AND ANSWERS
duct that transports sperm from testis via efferent ducts to the vas deferens - correct answer ✅epididymis globozoospermia - correct answer ✅sperm with a reduced or absent acrosome haploid - correct answer ✅A cell containing only one set of the 23 single chromosomes (n). mature human gametes are haploid, each having 23 single chromosomes hyperspermia - correct answer ✅high ejaculate volume hypospermia - correct answer ✅Low ejaculate volume What is considered low birth weight? - correct answer ✅less than 2500g
AND ANSWERS
when is the 2nd polar body extruded - correct answer ✅in response to fertilization & normally contains chromosomes comprising single chromatids (1c) Sertoli cells - correct answer ✅cell type in the seminiferous tubule that mediates the actions of testosterone & FSH in the testis, provides nutrients & proteins to the developing spermatogenic cells, creates the blood- testis barrier, & secretes mullerian-inhibiting hormone syngamy - correct answer ✅the process during which the female & male pronuclei fuse Teratozoospermia - correct answer ✅abnormal sperm morphology according to ASRM guidelines, ICSI improves what, in patients with unexplained infertility without male factor? - correct answer ✅ICSI improves fert rate but not live birth outcomes
AND ANSWERS
which hormones remain low in the follicular phase until just before ovulation? - correct answer ✅FSH & progesterone Where do primordial germ cells originate? - correct answer ✅yolk sac how is the developmental fate of the indifferent mammalian gonad channeled toward the ovary? - correct answer ✅Wnt4 gene expression what causes numerical chromosome defects & during what phase?
correct answer ✅nondisjunction during metaphase of meiosis what happens if human morula becomes exposed to calcium & magnesium free culture media? - correct answer ✅blastomere decompaction
