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Introduction to Ethics -A rational study of the rules of conduct known as morals that describe how people should b
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A rational study of the rules of conduct
known as morals that describe how
people should behave
The Ethical Point of View
Most everyone shares “core values”, desiring:
Life
Happiness
Ability to accomplish goals
Society
Association of people organized under a system of
rules
Rules: advance the good of members over time
Morality
A society’s rules of conduct
What people ought / ought not to do in various
situations.
Ethics
Ethics are standards of moral conduct
Standards of right and wrong behavior
A gauge of personal integrity
The basis of trust and cooperation in
relationships with others
Top Ten Strengths
.
.
.
.
Top Ten Weaknesses
.
.
.
Weakness to Strength
Weakness I am trying to overcome.
Subjective Relativism
Cultural Relativism
Divine Command Theory
Kantianism
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Social Contract Theory
There are no universal moral norms of
right and wrong
All persons decide right and wrong for
themselves
Pros:
opinions
The ethical theory that what’s right or
wrong depends on place and/or time
Pros:
moral guidelines
own standards
values better than what it says
Different views of right and wrong are not
always acceptable
okay
Cultural relativism can be vague and
subject to different interpretations
There are no guidelines for reconciliation
between cultures in conflict
Cultures have to share many “core values”
other
religion based morality
holy books
fallacy” (trying to equate two things that are similar)
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) a German
philosopher
People’s wills should be based on moral
rules
Therefore it’s important that our actions
are based on appropriate moral rules.
To determine when a moral rule is
appropriate Kant proposed two
Categorical Imperatives
same time universalize.
In the modern day, deontology manifests itself in
a focus on human rights—roughly, the idea that
there are certain things that must never be
done to human beings, as such. Such rights are
typically thought of as being universal, applying
to all persons everywhere, regardless of the
political or legal system under which they live.
Act so that you always treat both yourself
and other people as ends in themselves,
and never only as a means to an end.
not moral