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193). In this undergraduate thesis, the researcher discusses the character development of. Arya Stark, a character from a TV series Game of Thrones whose ...
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Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By REBECCA THALIA CARISSA HALIM Student Number: 154214035 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020
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Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By REBECCA THALIA CARISSA HALIM Student Number: 154214035 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020
vii "The world doesn't just let girls decide what they want to be. But I can now." (Arya Stark)
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TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................ ii APPROVAL PAGE ...................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ................................................................................. iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................ v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ...... vi MOTTO PAGE ............................................................................................. vii DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xiv ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ..................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ........................................................................... 4 C. Objectives of the Study ....................................................................... 5 D. Definition of Terms ............................................................................. 5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................ 6 A. Review of Related Studies .................................................................. 6 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................ 11
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Halim, Rebecca Thalia Carissa. (2019). A Psychoanalytical Study on Arya Stark’s Development in Game of Thrones****. Yogyakarta: Departement of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Game of Thrones tells about the war of five kings who play a deadly game to rule the Seven Kingdoms and sit on the Iron Throne. When Arya Stark is brought to King’s Landing, things start to turn chaotic. Starting from her father, mother until her brothers’ death. Undergoing these incidents, Arya changes from someone who is innocent to vengeful. Thus, this study tries to reveal Arya Stark’s development process with a psychoanalysis theory. There are two objectives in this study. The first one is to find out what Arya Stark’s characteristics are on Game of Thrones. The second one is to connect the tripartite human psyche by Freudian with Arya Stark’s decision to see how the process of Arya Stark’s development is in Game of Thrones. This undergraduate thesis uses a psychoanalysis approach because the researcher analyses Arya Stark’s development which needs to be deeply analysed with Freud’s theory of human psyche consisting of id, ego and superego. There are two kinds of sources that are used in this study: primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the movie series entitled Game of Thrones and the secondary sources are journal articles, thesis, books and internet articles. Therefore, it is concluded that this undergraduate thesis is a library research by searching the references in the library. The study reveals that in Game of Thrones , Arya Stark has five main characteristics: boyish, intelligent, short-sighted, brave, and vengeful which are described mostly through her speeches, actions, and decisions. This study obtains that Arya’s id is vengeance, but her superego knows that taking revenge by killing all of the foes by herself is not right, instead of doing what the id wants, her ego looks for another way to satisfy the id’s demand: she goes back to her family and fights the foes together to retaliate for her family. It concludes that Arya Stark’s development are well balanced as her id does not overrides her ego and superego. Keywords: Psychoanalysis, Characteristics, Character Development, Game of Thrones.
A. Background of the Study An individual has a certain trait that is unique which differentiate his/herself from another person. A person’s characteristics can be seen from the outward appearance, a person’s personality can be seen from how that person expresses opinions, voice, accent, behaviour, reaction to people, situations, and events (Murphy, 1972, p. 161). Someone’s characteristics may vary depending on their environment. It is written that personality as an individual’s overall, stable, and distinctive patterns of behaviour in responding to people and environmental events (Pettijohn, 1987, p. 239). However, there may be certain traits within an individual’s characteristics that may not be acceptable in their society. For example, it is rather unacceptable for females to display behaviour commonly associated with males, such as acting out on aggression or sexual desires. Literature, films and psychoanalysis show a new way to express and cure human’s behaviour or problem in their own unique ways. It is not just a birthday in the fateful year of 1895 that links cinema and psychoanalysis (a remarkable fact in itself); many other aspects draw these two highly diverse phenomena—one, a technological and scientific invention which gave rise to a new form of expression, and the other, a new epistemology which gave rise to a new way of listening and treating—so very close (Albano, 2013, p. 193). In this undergraduate thesis, the researcher discusses the character development of Arya Stark, a character from a TV series Game of Thrones whose manners show
actions that are usually related with males’ enterprise. Game of Thrones is directed by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Game of Thrones is originally written as a novel series called A Song of Ice and Fire written by George R. R. Martin. The first political series and epic fantasy A Game of Thrones is published on the first August of 1996 followed by A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), A Feast for Crows (2005), A Dance with Dragons (2011), The Winds of Winter (forthcoming) and A Dream of Spring (forthcoming). Arya Stark is first introduced as a young noble lady on the first season of Game of Thrones. She displays masculine demeanour, such as her affinity to swordplay and archery. Her bold, rebellious attitude earns the disapproval of her tutor, mother, and sister. As the story develops, Arya goes through both physical and psychological changes. In the story, her father, mother, and brother are executed by the enemies. Angered, she desires to seek revenge. In short, Arya Stark abandons her identity, trains to be a skilled assassin, and kills her foes for revenge. Arya Stark is one of the thoughest characters who undergoes a lot of obstacles which gradually changes her. Therefore, the researcher is attracted to study the development of Arya Stark. This undergraduate study analyses Arya Stark’s development in accordance to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical approach. Freud’s theory holds three main points which are id, ego, and superego or the tripartite of human psyche. Freud theorised that human thinking may be identified as the id, ego, and superego. The id refers to the instinct, and the unconscious energy that seeks immediate gratification. Then, the id is altered by the ego, as
unconsciously reshaping reality. These mechanisms are triggered by the imbalance between ego and superego, bringing out anxiety and displeasure. The response to these negative factors can come through repression, denial, projection, displacement, regression, or sublimation. Among Arya’s id, ego, and superego, her id oftenly overrides her ego and superego due to her strong desire to take avenge for her family. This leads Arya to pursue knighthood instead of being a damsel in distress. Arya meticulously plans how to retaliate for her family, but she does not care about how acting on her violent desire may impact her allies. It is stated by Pettijohn that the id is the most basic instinctual or biological drives, which “unconsciously and impulsively seek immediate pleasure and consider nothing else.” (Pettijohn, 1987 , p. 245 ). Therefore, the researcher is interested to identify deeper about Arya Stark’s character development on Game of Thrones to see the process of her character transformation with a psychoanalysis study. B. Problem Formulation Based on the phenomenon above, the researcher formulates two questions in the problem formulation:
C. Objectives of the Study The objective of this study is to answer the two questions in the problem formulation. First is to find out what Arya Stark’s characteristics are on Game of Thrones. Then, the researcher connects the Three Part Model of personality by Freudian with Arya Stark’s decision to see how the process of Arya Stark’s development is in Game of Thrones. D. Definitions of Terms In order to avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in this undergraduate study are defined as follows
1. Character Development Character development is the changing of the character from the beginning until the end of the story. Characters are developing if they experience a change in themselves, for from personality, disposition, or outlook. They will change into a better character but of course, the changing depends on the situation in the story (Forster, 1980, p. 54). 2. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is an intensive and prolonged exploration of the pantient’s unconscious motivation (Pettijohn, 1987, p. 293).